Sains Malaysiana 52(12)(2023): 3523-3532

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5212-14

Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) Analysis Indicating 6-Shogaol Anticancer Activity against HCT-116 Cells Performed Primarily by Affecting Genes in Common (shared-DEGs) of Apoptotic and p53 Signaling Pathways

(Analisis Pengekspresan Gen Berbeza (DEGs) Menunjukkan Aktiviti Antikanser 6-Shogaol terhadap Sel HCT-116 Dijalankan Terutamanya dengan Mempengaruhi Gen Bersama (shared-DEGs) Tapak Jalan Pengisyaratan Apoptotik dan p53)

ARYO TEDJO^1,2,3, DIMAS R NOOR⁴, KUSMARDI^2,4.5,6,*, NUR AYU RAMADANTI³ & AMELIA KASSIM⁷

¹Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

²Drug Development Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

³Master’s Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Depok, Indonesia

⁴Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁵Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁶Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Depok, Indonesia

⁷Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Bukit Beruang, Melaka, Malaysia

Received: 8 March 2023/Accepted: 11 December 2023

Abstract

Ginger have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can inhibit growth and trigger apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Dried ginger containing the main bioactive compound 6-shogaol is widely used for practical reasons in storage. In this study, the mechanism of 6-shogaol apoptosis was tried to be explained by looking at the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) changes in HCT-116 cells. The results of DEGs analysis on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data which contained gene expression data for the HCT-116 cell group treated with 6-shogaol and the control group showed that there were 142 DEGs of the apoptotic pathway with 9 (nine) of them being share-DEGs of the apoptotic pathway with other pathways related to apoptosis such as MAPK signaling pathway, p53 signalling pathway, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Based on the regulation of the 9 share-DEGs, it was also explained that the apoptotic activity of 6-shogaol mainly occurs through the p53 signalling pathway which involves up-regulation of BAX, BBC3, GADD45G, and TNFRSF10A.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Differentially Expressed Genes; HCT-116; p53 signaling pathway; 6-shogaol

Abstrak

Halia mempunyai sifat anti-radang yang kuat dan antioksidan yang boleh menghalang pertumbuhan serta mencetuskan apoptosis sel kanser kolorektal. Halia kering yang mengandungi sebatian bioaktif utama 6-shogaol digunakan secara meluas atas alasan praktikal dalam penyimpanan. Dalam kajian ini, mekanisme apoptosis 6-shogaol cuba diterangkan dengan melihat perubahan Pengekspresan Gen Berbeza (DEG) dalam sel HCT-116. Hasil analisis DEG pada data Pengekspresan Gen Serbaneka (GEO) yang mengandungi data pengekspresan gen bagi kumpulan sel HCT-116 yang dirawat dengan 6-shogaol dan kumpulan kawalan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat 142 DEG dalam tapak jalan apoptosis dengan 9 daripadanya adalah DEG bersama dalam tapak jalan apoptosis dengan tapak jalan lain yang berkaitan seperti tapak jalan pengisyaratan MAPK, tapak jalan pengisyaratan p53 serta tapak jalan pemprosesan protein dalam retikulum endoplasma. Berdasarkan pengawalan 9 DEG bersama itu juga diterangkan bahawa aktiviti apoptosis 6-shogaol utamanya berlaku melalui tapak jalan pengisyaratan p53 yang melibatkan peningkatan pengawalan atas BAX, BBC3, GADD45G dan TNFRSF10A.

Kata kunci: Apoptosis; HCT-116; Pengekspresan Gen Berbeza; tapak jalan pengisyaratan p53; 6-shogaol

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 *Corresponding author; email: kkusmardis@gmail.com

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